Digital and Traditional Diplomacy in the UAE: A Systematic Literature Review on Soft Power Strategies

Abstract

This study examines the role of digital and traditional diplomacy in the UAE and their effectiveness in advancing soft power strategies. As the UAE seeks to enhance its global influence, it has strategically integrated traditional diplomatic engagements, such as bilateral agreements and multilateral collaborations, with digital diplomacy tools, including social media campaigns and digital communication platforms. The study synthesizes existing literature to highlight the interplay between these two approaches, assessing their impact on public perception, cultural influence, and international relations. Findings indicate that while traditional diplomacy remains a vital pillar of the UAE’s foreign policy, digital diplomacy has expanded the country’s reach, enabling real-time engagement and strategic messaging. However, challenges such as misinformation, cybersecurity risks, and inconsistencies between digital and traditional efforts persist. The study identifies key gaps in research, particularly concerning the long-term effectiveness of digital diplomacy. Future studies should explore comparative analyses and empirical assessments to refine diplomatic strategies that optimize soft power in an evolving global landscape.